docker入门级使用
创始人
2024-03-13 00:50:18
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文章目录
- docker
- docker概述
- 出现原因
- 官网
- 虚拟化与容器化
- docker架构图
- docker安装
- 阿里云镜像加速
- 底层原理
- Docker常用命令
- 帮助命令
- 镜像命令
- 容器命令
- 常用其他命令
- 安装nginx
- 安装Tomcat
docker
越学习越觉得自己的无知
谦卑,不傲慢,厚积而薄发
docker概述
出现原因
- 一次编译,
到处报错 - 开发环境和生产环境需要分别搭建
- 搭建环境的繁杂,特别是搭建集群
- docker出现,将应用和环境一起打包. jar+(mysql+redis+tomcat…)
官网
docker官网
docker文档
docker hub
虚拟化与容器化
虚拟化
- 模拟硬件,一个完整的操作系统
- 占用资源多
- 启动慢
容器化
- 不模拟硬件
- 没有自己内核,使用宿主机的内核
- 容器隔离,互不干扰
DevOps
- 更快的交付与部署
- 更边界的升级
- 更简单的运维
- 更高效的资源利用
docker架构图
镜像(image):
创建容器的模板.类似于class
容器(container):
类似于对象
仓库(repository):
私有仓库和共有仓库
docker安装
环境 centos7以上 xshell连接
uname -a
cat /etc/os-release
install docker on centos
docker version
docker info
docker run hello-worlddocker images
阿里云镜像加速
sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker
sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{"registry-mirrors": ["https://igh3g3of.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart docker
底层原理
- docker是cs架构的系统,docker守护进程运行在主机上,通过socket从客户端访问
- 每一个docker容器就是一个小的linux虚拟机,有着独立的端口号,和宿主机隔离,和其他docker容器隔离
Docker常用命令
帮助命令
docker version
docker info
docker --help
docker docs
镜像命令
- docker images
docker images # 查看所有本地镜像
Usage: docker images [OPTIONS] [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]List imagesOptions:-a, --all Show all images (default hides intermediate images)--digests Show digests-f, --filter filter Filter output based on conditions provided--format string Pretty-print images using a Go template--no-trunc Don't truncate output-q, --quiet Only show image IDs[root@iZ2zef4iumnunw6gqcbjxsZ ~]# docker images -a
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
ubuntu 20.04 a0ce5a295b63 3 months ago 72.8MB
mysql latest ff3b5098b416 3 months ago 447MB
hello-world latest feb5d9fea6a5 14 months ago 13.3kB
- docker search
docker search # 搜索镜像 也可以去docker hub上找
[root@iZ2zef4iumnunw6gqcbjxsZ ~]# docker search --helpUsage: docker search [OPTIONS] TERMSearch the Docker Hub for imagesOptions:-f, --filter filter Filter output based on conditions provided--format string Pretty-print search using a Go template--limit int Max number of search results (default 25)--no-trunc Don't truncate output[root@iZ2zef4iumnunw6gqcbjxsZ ~]# docker search mysql
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 13544 [OK]
mariadb MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou… 5165 [OK]
phpmyadmin phpMyAdmin - A web interface for MySQL and M… 699 [OK]
percona Percona Server is a fork of the MySQL relati… 595 [OK]
[root@iZ2zef4iumnunw6gqcbjxsZ ~]# docker search mysql --filter=STARS=5000 #查找Stars>=5000
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 13544 [OK]
mariadb MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou… 5165 [OK] - docker pull
docker pull # 拉取镜像
[root@iZ2zef4iumnunw6gqcbjxsZ ~]# docker pull --helpUsage: docker pull [OPTIONS] NAME[:TAG|@DIGEST]Pull an image or a repository from a registryOptions:-a, --all-tags Download all tagged images in the repository--disable-content-trust Skip image verification (default true)--platform string Set platform if server is multi-platform capable-q, --quiet Suppress verbose output[root@iZ2zef4iumnunw6gqcbjxsZ ~]# docker pull nginx # 不写tag默认latest 表示最新版
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/nginx
a2abf6c4d29d: Pull complete # 分层下载
a9edb18cadd1: Pull complete
589b7251471a: Pull complete
186b1aaa4aa6: Pull complete
b4df32aa5a72: Pull complete
a0bcbecc962e: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:0d17b565c37bcbd895e9d92315a05c1c3c9a29f762b011a10c54a66cd53c9b31 # sha256校验
Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:latest
docker.io/library/nginx:latest[root@iZ2zef4iumnunw6gqcbjxsZ ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
ubuntu 20.04 a0ce5a295b63 3 months ago 72.8MB
mysql latest ff3b5098b416 3 months ago 447MB
nginx latest 605c77e624dd 11 months ago 141MB
hello-world latest feb5d9fea6a5 14 months ago 13.3kB- docker rmi # 删除镜像
docker rmi # 删除镜像
[root@iZ2zef4iumnunw6gqcbjxsZ ~]# docker rmi --helpUsage: docker rmi [OPTIONS] IMAGE [IMAGE...]Remove one or more imagesOptions:-f, --force Force removal of the image--no-prune Do not delete untagged parents[root@iZ2zef4iumnunw6gqcbjxsZ ~]# docker rmi -f hello-world:latest # 使用名称删除
Untagged: hello-world:latest
Untagged: hello-world@sha256:7d246653d0511db2a6b2e0436cfd0e52ac8c066000264b3ce63331ac66dca625
Deleted: sha256:feb5d9fea6a5e9606aa995e879d862b825965ba48de054caab5ef356dc6b3412
[root@iZ2zef4iumnunw6gqcbjxsZ ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
ubuntu 20.04 a0ce5a295b63 3 months ago 72.8MB
mysql latest ff3b5098b416 3 months ago 447MB
nginx latest 605c77e624dd 11 months ago 141MB[root@iZ2zef4iumnunw6gqcbjxsZ ~]# docker rmi -f 605c77e624dd # 使用id删除
Untagged: nginx:latest
Untagged: nginx@sha256:0d17b565c37bcbd895e9d92315a05c1c3c9a29f762b011a10c54a66cd53c9b31
Deleted: sha256:605c77e624ddb75e6110f997c58876baa13f8754486b461117934b24a9dc3a85
Deleted: sha256:b625d8e29573fa369e799ca7c5df8b7a902126d2b7cbeb390af59e4b9e1210c5
Deleted: sha256:7850d382fb05e393e211067c5ca0aada2111fcbe550a90fed04d1c634bd31a14
Deleted: sha256:02b80ac2055edd757a996c3d554e6a8906fd3521e14d1227440afd5163a5f1c4
Deleted: sha256:b92aa5824592ecb46e6d169f8e694a99150ccef01a2aabea7b9c02356cdabe7c
Deleted: sha256:780238f18c540007376dd5e904f583896a69fe620876cabc06977a3af4ba4fb5
Deleted: sha256:2edcec3590a4ec7f40cf0743c15d78fb39d8326bc029073b41ef9727da6c851f
[root@iZ2zef4iumnunw6gqcbjxsZ ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
ubuntu 20.04 a0ce5a295b63 3 months ago 72.8MB
mysql latest ff3b5098b416 3 months ago 447MB
容器命令
有了镜像才可以创建容器
docker pull centos:centos7.9.2009
[root@iZ2zef4iumnunw6gqcbjxsZ ~]# docker pull centos:centos7.9.2009
centos7.9.2009: Pulling from library/centos
2d473b07cdd5: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:9d4bcbbb213dfd745b58be38b13b996ebb5ac315fe75711bd618426a630e0987
Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:centos7.9.2009
docker.io/library/centos:centos7.9.2009
- docker run
docker run
[root@iZ2zef4iumnunw6gqcbjxsZ ~]# docker run --helpUsage: docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]Run a command in a new containerOptions:--add-host list Add a custom host-to-IP mapping (host:ip)-a, --attach list Attach to STDIN, STDOUT or STDERR--blkio-weight uint16 Block IO (relative weight), between 10 and 1000, or 0 to disable (default 0)--blkio-weight-device list Block IO weight (relative device weight) (default [])--cap-add list Add Linux capabilities--cap-drop list Drop Linux capabilities--cgroup-parent string Optional parent cgroup for the container--cgroupns string Cgroup namespace to use (host|private)'host': Run the container in the Docker host's cgroup namespace'private': Run the container in its own private cgroup namespace'': Use the cgroup namespace as configured by thedefault-cgroupns-mode option on the daemon (default)--cidfile string Write the container ID to the file--cpu-period int Limit CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) period--cpu-quota int Limit CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) quota--cpu-rt-period int Limit CPU real-time period in microseconds--cpu-rt-runtime int Limit CPU real-time runtime in microseconds-c, --cpu-shares int CPU shares (relative weight)--cpus decimal Number of CPUs--cpuset-cpus string CPUs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)--cpuset-mems string MEMs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)-d, --detach Run container in background and print container ID--detach-keys string Override the key sequence for detaching a container--device list Add a host device to the container--device-cgroup-rule list Add a rule to the cgroup allowed devices list--device-read-bps list Limit read rate (bytes per second) from a device (default [])--device-read-iops list Limit read rate (IO per second) from a device (default [])--device-write-bps list Limit write rate (bytes per second) to a device (default [])--device-write-iops list Limit write rate (IO per second) to a device (default [])--disable-content-trust Skip image verification (default true)--dns list Set custom DNS servers--dns-option list Set DNS options--dns-search list Set custom DNS search domains--domainname string Container NIS domain name--entrypoint string Overwrite the default ENTRYPOINT of the image-e, --env list Set environment variables--env-file list Read in a file of environment variables--expose list Expose a port or a range of ports--gpus gpu-request GPU devices to add to the container ('all' to pass all GPUs)--group-add list Add additional groups to join--health-cmd string Command to run to check health--health-interval duration Time between running the check (ms|s|m|h) (default 0s)--health-retries int Consecutive failures needed to report unhealthy--health-start-period duration Start period for the container to initialize before starting health-retries countdown (ms|s|m|h) (default 0s)--health-timeout duration Maximum time to allow one check to run (ms|s|m|h) (default 0s)--help Print usage-h, --hostname string Container host name--init Run an init inside the container that forwards signals and reaps processes-i, --interactive Keep STDIN open even if not attached--ip string IPv4 address (e.g., 172.30.100.104)--ip6 string IPv6 address (e.g., 2001:db8::33)--ipc string IPC mode to use--isolation string Container isolation technology--kernel-memory bytes Kernel memory limit-l, --label list Set meta data on a container--label-file list Read in a line delimited file of labels--link list Add link to another container--link-local-ip list Container IPv4/IPv6 link-local addresses--log-driver string Logging driver for the container--log-opt list Log driver options--mac-address string Container MAC address (e.g., 92:d0:c6:0a:29:33)-m, --memory bytes Memory limit--memory-reservation bytes Memory soft limit--memory-swap bytes Swap limit equal to memory plus swap: '-1' to enable unlimited swap--memory-swappiness int Tune container memory swappiness (0 to 100) (default -1)--mount mount Attach a filesystem mount to the container--name string ==Assign a name to the container--network network Connect a container to a network--network-alias list Add network-scoped alias for the container--no-healthcheck Disable any container-specified HEALTHCHECK--oom-kill-disable Disable OOM Killer--oom-score-adj int Tune host's OOM preferences (-1000 to 1000)--pid string PID namespace to use--pids-limit int Tune container pids limit (set -1 for unlimited)--platform string Set platform if server is multi-platform capable--privileged Give extended privileges to this container-p, --publish list Publish a container's port(s) to the host-P, --publish-all Publish all exposed ports to random ports--pull string Pull image before running ("always"|"missing"|"never") (default "missing")--read-only Mount the container's root filesystem as read only--restart string Restart policy to apply when a container exits (default "no")--rm Automatically remove the container when it exits--runtime string Runtime to use for this container--security-opt list Security Options--shm-size bytes Size of /dev/shm--sig-proxy Proxy received signals to the process (default true)--stop-signal string Signal to stop a container (default "SIGTERM")--stop-timeout int Timeout (in seconds) to stop a container--storage-opt list Storage driver options for the container--sysctl map Sysctl options (default map[])--tmpfs list Mount a tmpfs directory-t, --tty Allocate a pseudo-TTY--ulimit ulimit Ulimit options (default [])-u, --user string Username or UID (format: [:])--userns string User namespace to use--uts string UTS namespace to use-v, --volume list Bind mount a volume--volume-driver string Optional volume driver for the container--volumes-from list Mount volumes from the specified container(s)-w, --workdir string Working directory inside the container--name="Name" 给容器取名字来区分容器
-d 后台运行
-it 使用交互式运行进入容器
-p 指定容器端口 -p 8080:8080 主机端口:容器端口 小写p
-P 随机指定端口 大写P[root@iZ2zef4iumnunw6gqcbjxsZ ~]# docker run -it centos:centos7.9.2009 /bin/bash
[root@80beffa4fe2a /]# ls # 容器centos7.9.2009内部信息
anaconda-post.log bin dev etc home lib lib64 media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
[root@80beffa4fe2a /]# exit
exit
[root@iZ2zef4iumnunw6gqcbjxsZ ~]# - docker ps
[root@iZ2zef4iumnunw6gqcbjxsZ ~]# docker ps --helpUsage: docker ps [OPTIONS]List containersOptions:-a, --all Show all containers (default shows just running)-f, --filter filter Filter output based on conditions provided--format string Pretty-print containers using a Go template-n, --last int Show n last created containers (includes all states) (default -1)-l, --latest Show the latest created container (includes all states)--no-trunc Don't truncate output-q, --quiet Only display container IDs-s, --size Display total file sizes[root@iZ2zef4iumnunw6gqcbjxsZ ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
1b6c89113558 mysql:latest "docker-entrypoint.s…" 2 months ago Up 3 days 33060/tcp, 0.0.0.0:3307->3306/tcp, :::3307->3306/tcp mysql
[root@iZ2zef4iumnunw6gqcbjxsZ ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
80beffa4fe2a centos:centos7.9.2009 "/bin/bash" 4 minutes ago Exited (0) About a minute ago gracious_dijkstra
f4818b63d749 feb5d9fea6a5 "/hello" 3 days ago Exited (0) 3 days ago vigorous_ramanujan
aaac99563c0d ubuntu:20.04 "/bin/bash" 4 days ago Exited (0) 4 days ago hopeful_boyd
40974b298e2e feb5d9fea6a5 "/hello" 4 days ago Exited (0) 4 days ago interesting_gauss
1b6c89113558 mysql:latest "docker-entrypoint.s…" 2 months ago Up 3 days 33060/tcp, 0.0.0.0:3307->3306/tcp, :::3307->3306/tcp mysql
5a4c2c0798ad ubuntu:20.04 "/bin/bash" 2 months ago Exited (127) 2 months ago vigilant_morse
e0a48f4c0351 feb5d9fea6a5 "/hello" 2 months ago Exited (0) 2 months ago magical_bassi- 退出
exit 关闭容器并退出
ctrl + p + q # 不关闭容器退出
- docker rm
[root@iZ2zef4iumnunw6gqcbjxsZ ~]# docker rm --helpUsage: docker rm [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...] # 用来删除容器Remove one or more containersOptions:-f, --force Force the removal of a running container (uses SIGKILL)-l, --link Remove the specified link-v, --volumes Remove anonymous volumes associated with the containerdocker rm 容器id
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq) # 删除所有容器
- 启动和停止容器
docker start 容器id
docker restart 容器id
docker stop id # 关闭
docker kill id # 强制关闭
常用其他命令
- docker logs
[root@iZ2zef4iumnunw6gqcbjxsZ ~]# docker logs --helpUsage: docker logs [OPTIONS] CONTAINERFetch the logs of a containerOptions:--details Show extra details provided to logs-f, --follow Follow log output--since string Show logs since timestamp (e.g. 2013-01-02T13:23:37Z) or relative (e.g. 42m for 42 minutes)-n, --tail string Number of lines to show from the end of the logs (default "all")-t, --timestamps Show timestamps--until string Show logs before a timestamp (e.g. 2013-01-02T13:23:37Z) or relative (e.g. 42m for 42 minutes)
[root@iZ2zef4iumnunw6gqcbjxsZ ~]# docker logs mysql
2022-09-15 09:17:58+00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Entrypoint script for MySQL Server 8.0.30-1.el8 started.
2022-09-15 09:17:58+00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Switching to dedicated user 'mysql'
2022-09-15 09:17:58+00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Entrypoint script for MySQL Server 8.0.30-1.el8 started.
2022-09-15 09:17:59+00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Initializing database files
2022-09-15T09:17:59.099655Z 0 [Warning] [MY-011068] [Server] The syntax '--skip-host-cache' is deprecated and will be removed in a future release. Please use SET GLOBAL host_cache_size=0 instead.
2022-09-15T09:17:59.099746Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.30) initializing of server in progress as process 78
2022-09-15T09:17:59.111770Z 1 [System] [MY-013576] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has started.
2022-09-15T09:18:00.045694Z 1 [System] [MY-013577] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has ended.
2022-09-15T09:18:01.563885Z 6 [Warning] [MY-010453] [Server] root@localhost is created with an empty password ! Please consider switching off the --initialize-insecure option.
2022-09-15 09:18:04+00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Database files initialized
2022-09-15 09:18:04+00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Starting temporary server
2022-09-15T09:18:04.509741Z 0 [Warning] [MY-011068] [Server] The syntax '--skip-host-cache' is deprecated and will be removed in a future release. Please use SET GLOBAL host_cache_size=0 instead.
2022-09-15T09:18:04.512026Z 0 [System] [MY-010116] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.30) starting as process 125
...- docker top 容器id
docker top 容器id # 查看容器中进程信息
- docker inspect
docker inspect 容器id/容器名 查看容器元数据
[root@iZ2zef4iumnunw6gqcbjxsZ ~]# docker inspect mysql
[{"Id": "1b6c8911355870f43487eb85db4f4b2d6421bed6d257a71e079798bb97dd8646","Created": "2022-09-15T09:17:57.95142708Z","Path": "docker-entrypoint.sh","Args": ["mysqld"],"State": {"Status": "running","Running": true,"Paused": false,"Restarting": false,"OOMKilled": false,"Dead": false,"Pid": 1899611,"ExitCode": 0,"Error": "","StartedAt": "2022-11-28T06:36:37.083409742Z","FinishedAt": "2022-11-28T06:29:53.12265741Z"},"Image": "sha256:ff3b5098b416cc4294d8d5c43c2f0f8251e91711347318e73cb290ffe2783bcb","ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/1b6c8911355870f43487eb85db4f4b2d6421bed6d257a71e079798bb97dd8646/resolv.conf","HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/1b6c8911355870f43487eb85db4f4b2d6421bed6d257a71e079798bb97dd8646/hostname","HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/1b6c8911355870f43487eb85db4f4b2d6421bed6d257a71e079798bb97dd8646/hosts","LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/1b6c8911355870f43487eb85db4f4b2d6421bed6d257a71e079798bb97dd8646/1b6c8911355870f43487eb85db4f4b2d6421bed6d257a71e079798bb97dd8646-json.log","Name": "/mysql","RestartCount": 0,"Driver": "overlay2","Platform": "linux","MountLabel": "","ProcessLabel": "","AppArmorProfile": "","ExecIDs": null,"HostConfig": {"Binds": null,"ContainerIDFile": "","LogConfig": {"Type": "json-file","Config": {}},"NetworkMode": "default","PortBindings": {"3306/tcp": [{"HostIp": "","HostPort": "3307"}]},"RestartPolicy": {"Name": "no","MaximumRetryCount": 0},"AutoRemove": false,"VolumeDriver": "","VolumesFrom": null,"CapAdd": null,"CapDrop": null,"CgroupnsMode": "host","Dns": [],"DnsOptions": [],"DnsSearch": [],"ExtraHosts": null,"GroupAdd": null,"IpcMode": "private","Cgroup": "","Links": null,"OomScoreAdj": 0,"PidMode": "","Privileged": false,"PublishAllPorts": false,"ReadonlyRootfs": false,"SecurityOpt": null,"UTSMode": "","UsernsMode": "","ShmSize": 67108864,"Runtime": "runc","ConsoleSize": [0,0],"Isolation": "","CpuShares": 0,"Memory": 0,"NanoCpus": 0,"CgroupParent": "","BlkioWeight": 0,"BlkioWeightDevice": [],"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,"CpuPeriod": 0,"CpuQuota": 0,"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,"CpusetCpus": "","CpusetMems": "","Devices": [],"DeviceCgroupRules": null,"DeviceRequests": null,"KernelMemory": 0,"KernelMemoryTCP": 0,"MemoryReservation": 0,"MemorySwap": 0,"MemorySwappiness": null,"OomKillDisable": false,"PidsLimit": null,"Ulimits": null,"CpuCount": 0,"CpuPercent": 0,"IOMaximumIOps": 0,"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,"MaskedPaths": ["/proc/asound","/proc/acpi","/proc/kcore","/proc/keys","/proc/latency_stats","/proc/timer_list","/proc/timer_stats","/proc/sched_debug","/proc/scsi","/sys/firmware"],"ReadonlyPaths": ["/proc/bus","/proc/fs","/proc/irq","/proc/sys","/proc/sysrq-trigger"]},"GraphDriver": {"Data": {"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/91d3deba8a700cc7d7bc5565c4dfad48bf6ab6bfb65b4f8ddcc18f84f3e66c28-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/84c6f250503ccc216ccd087ab24e0376e00c84040079427e66b589178030fbe4/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/de1b5e419fd75126d4cf9b3fb0f5f448d4350976fc85126bdc8b76baa6934ebf/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/53d948f7d13ae78d3e0b73e4dfef26beac04fdb6afb2d44564f733c486abce8d/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/53b25bc12f7e3201bfd2763d4562346223f0fb3f45ee3c628149135029c2788d/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/42672c099f7dcd6ab3671ad532de59508be376e8ac4b23b64ffbba8b91c54e37/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/4deb7132c15dde066d697ce7837d14bb0a80b5e36ad53e1620d905306bc5e895/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/9cfa455898783ddbccb67b93b4627570a3cc007a5c6d0d02c818060de5846470/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/145b2258730c4cf8c0c649c1a666d289382519e6ad89612c462979fdd4d45373/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/a5236ba1820cfedb5de717f72277eb3ae597bb312225439ad821b9d049c5172f/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/d48af4744f69821d07822f97fcee9ad291082df99d88e71521a5850a6ac84280/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/201a0a0a31dd18c8c2a7f0f2d9e4b0cb5ab94aeb92ec3c21041eb6ec13095674/diff","MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/91d3deba8a700cc7d7bc5565c4dfad48bf6ab6bfb65b4f8ddcc18f84f3e66c28/merged","UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/91d3deba8a700cc7d7bc5565c4dfad48bf6ab6bfb65b4f8ddcc18f84f3e66c28/diff","WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/91d3deba8a700cc7d7bc5565c4dfad48bf6ab6bfb65b4f8ddcc18f84f3e66c28/work"},"Name": "overlay2"},"Mounts": [{"Type": "volume","Name": "1e76895438bb3fed4d7d813e2319f8d0abef464acb4890f423f9a248f56ce702","Source": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/1e76895438bb3fed4d7d813e2319f8d0abef464acb4890f423f9a248f56ce702/_data","Destination": "/var/lib/mysql","Driver": "local","Mode": "","RW": true,"Propagation": ""}],"Config": {"Hostname": "1b6c89113558","Domainname": "","User": "","AttachStdin": false,"AttachStdout": false,"AttachStderr": false,"ExposedPorts": {"3306/tcp": {},"33060/tcp": {}},"Tty": false,"OpenStdin": false,"StdinOnce": false,"Env": ["MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=xxx","PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin","GOSU_VERSION=1.14","MYSQL_MAJOR=8.0","MYSQL_VERSION=8.0.30-1.el8","MYSQL_SHELL_VERSION=8.0.30-1.el8"],"Cmd": ["mysqld"],"Image": "mysql:latest","Volumes": {"/var/lib/mysql": {}},"WorkingDir": "","Entrypoint": ["docker-entrypoint.sh"],"OnBuild": null,"Labels": {}},"NetworkSettings": {"Bridge": "","SandboxID": "cb6885d469116f82982b1688b0c55d1df5616c331753a32023fc9a92f3e4e6d7","HairpinMode": false,"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "","LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,"Ports": {"3306/tcp": [{"HostIp": "0.0.0.0","HostPort": "3307"},{"HostIp": "::","HostPort": "3307"}],"33060/tcp": null},"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/cb6885d46911","SecondaryIPAddresses": null,"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,"EndpointID": "2d3143b9236633cf50ebd4bd4e70904daed055d297517a5551aa348c781102a6","Gateway": "172.17.0.1","GlobalIPv6Address": "","GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2","IPPrefixLen": 16,"IPv6Gateway": "","MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02","Networks": {"bridge": {"IPAMConfig": null,"Links": null,"Aliases": null,"NetworkID": "dd10917ed190de5e85dfa700607287e01529269f92334a442d91c05ff9060041","EndpointID": "2d3143b9236633cf50ebd4bd4e70904daed055d297517a5551aa348c781102a6","Gateway": "172.17.0.1","IPAddress": "172.17.0.2","IPPrefixLen": 16,"IPv6Gateway": "","GlobalIPv6Address": "","GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02","DriverOpts": null}}}}
]- 进入当前正在运行的容器
docker exec -it 容器id /bin/bash # 进入容器后开启一个新的终端
docker attach 容器id # 进入容器正在执行的终端
- 从容器内拷贝文件到主机
docker cp 容器id:容器内路径 目的主机路径
安装nginx
docker pull nginx
[root@iZ2zef4iumnunw6gqcbjxsZ ~]# docker pull nginx
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/nginx
a2abf6c4d29d: Pull complete
a9edb18cadd1: Pull complete
589b7251471a: Pull complete
186b1aaa4aa6: Pull complete
b4df32aa5a72: Pull complete
a0bcbecc962e: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:0d17b565c37bcbd895e9d92315a05c1c3c9a29f762b011a10c54a66cd53c9b31
Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:latest
docker.io/library/nginx:latest
[root@iZ2zef4iumnunw6gqcbjxsZ ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
ubuntu 20.04 a0ce5a295b63 3 months ago 72.8MB
mysql latest ff3b5098b416 3 months ago 447MB
nginx latest 605c77e624dd 11 months ago 141MB
centos centos7.9.2009 eeb6ee3f44bd 14 months ago 204MB
[root@iZ2zef4iumnunw6gqcbjxsZ ~]# docker run -d --name nginx01 -p 2333:80 nginx
b7ac691d77cbfc3a757de182bbb871116cf8fdc2991ec9eec7e36ad85b653df5
[root@iZ2zef4iumnunw6gqcbjxsZ ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
b7ac691d77cb nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 4 seconds ago Up 2 seconds 0.0.0.0:2333->80/tcp, :::2333->80/tcp nginx01
1b6c89113558 mysql:latest "docker-entrypoint.s…" 2 months ago Up 3 days 33060/tcp, 0.0.0.0:3307->3306/tcp, :::3307->3306/tcp mysql
[root@iZ2zef4iumnunw6gqcbjxsZ ~]# curl localhost:2333
Welcome to nginx!
Welcome to nginx!
If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.
For online documentation and support please refer to
nginx.org.
Commercial support is available at
nginx.com.
Thank you for using nginx.
[root@iZ2zef4iumnunw6gqcbjxsZ ~]# docker exec -it nginx01 /bin/bash
root@b7ac691d77cb:/# ls
bin boot dev docker-entrypoint.d docker-entrypoint.sh etc home lib lib64 media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
root@b7ac691d77cb:/# whereis nginx
nginx: /usr/sbin/nginx /usr/lib/nginx /etc/nginx /usr/share/nginx
root@b7ac691d77cb:/# ls /etc/nginx/
conf.d fastcgi_params mime.types modules nginx.conf scgi_params uwsgi_params安装Tomcat
[root@iZ2zef4iumnunw6gqcbjxsZ ~]# docker pull tomcat
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/tomcat
0e29546d541c: Pull complete
9b829c73b52b: Pull complete
cb5b7ae36172: Pull complete
6494e4811622: Pull complete
668f6fcc5fa5: Pull complete
dc120c3e0290: Pull complete
8f7c0eebb7b1: Pull complete
77b694f83996: Pull complete
0f611256ec3a: Pull complete
4f25def12f23: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:9dee185c3b161cdfede1f5e35e8b56ebc9de88ed3a79526939701f3537a52324
Status: Downloaded newer image for tomcat:latest
docker.io/library/tomcat:latest
[root@iZ2zef4iumnunw6gqcbjxsZ ~]# docker run -d --name tomcat01 -p 8081:8080 tomcat
ca8fae9c1f57d8ac8d86ff74551b918b0fd69bb1e85328cd050571928a637072
[root@iZ2zef4iumnunw6gqcbjxsZ ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
ca8fae9c1f57 tomcat "catalina.sh run" 9 seconds ago Up 7 seconds 0.0.0.0:8081->8080/tcp, :::8081->8080/tcp tomcat01
b7ac691d77cb nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 19 minutes ago Up 19 minutes 0.0.0.0:2333->80/tcp, :::2333->80/tcp nginx01
1b6c89113558 mysql:latest "docker-entrypoint.s…" 2 months ago Up 4 days 33060/tcp, 0.0.0.0:3307->3306/tcp, :::3307->3306/tcp mysql
[root@iZ2zef4iumnunw6gqcbjxsZ ~]# docker logs tomcat01
NOTE: Picked up JDK_JAVA_OPTIONS: --add-opens=java.base/java.lang=ALL-UNNAMED --add-opens=java.base/java.io=ALL-UNNAMED --add-opens=java.base/java.util=ALL-UNNAMED --add-opens=java.base/java.util.concurrent=ALL-UNNAMED --add-opens=java.rmi/sun.rmi.transport=ALL-UNNAMED
02-Dec-2022 06:20:01.143 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Server version name: Apache Tomcat/10.0.14
02-Dec-2022 06:20:01.202 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Server built: Dec 2 2021 22:01:36 UTC
02-Dec-2022 06:20:01.202 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Server version number: 10.0.14.0
02-Dec-2022 06:20:01.202 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log OS Name: Linux
02-Dec-2022 06:20:01.202 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log OS Version: 4.18.0-348.7.1.el8_5.x86_64
02-Dec-2022 06:20:01.202 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Architecture: amd64
02-Dec-2022 06:20:01.203 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Java Home: /usr/local/openjdk-11
02-Dec-2022 06:20:01.203 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log JVM Version: 11.0.13+8
02-Dec-2022 06:20:01.203 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log JVM Vendor: Oracle Corporation
02-Dec-2022 06:20:01.203 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat
02-Dec-2022 06:20:01.203 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat
02-Dec-2022 06:20:01.275 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: --add-opens=java.base/java.lang=ALL-UNNAMED
02-Dec-2022 06:20:01.281 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: --add-opens=java.base/java.io=ALL-UNNAMED
02-Dec-2022 06:20:01.281 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: --add-opens=java.base/java.util=ALL-UNNAMED
02-Dec-2022 06:20:01.281 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: --add-opens=java.base/java.util.concurrent=ALL-UNNAMED
02-Dec-2022 06:20:01.281 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: --add-opens=java.rmi/sun.rmi.transport=ALL-UNNAMED
02-Dec-2022 06:20:01.282 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djava.util.logging.config.file=/usr/local/tomcat/conf/logging.properties
02-Dec-2022 06:20:01.282 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager
02-Dec-2022 06:20:01.282 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djdk.tls.ephemeralDHKeySize=2048
02-Dec-2022 06:20:01.282 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djava.protocol.handler.pkgs=org.apache.catalina.webresources
02-Dec-2022 06:20:01.282 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Dorg.apache.catalina.security.SecurityListener.UMASK=0027
02-Dec-2022 06:20:01.282 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Dignore.endorsed.dirs=
02-Dec-2022 06:20:01.282 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Dcatalina.base=/usr/local/tomcat
02-Dec-2022 06:20:01.283 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Dcatalina.home=/usr/local/tomcat
02-Dec-2022 06:20:01.283 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djava.io.tmpdir=/usr/local/tomcat/temp
02-Dec-2022 06:20:01.330 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener.lifecycleEvent Loaded Apache Tomcat Native library [1.2.31] using APR version [1.7.0].
02-Dec-2022 06:20:01.332 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener.lifecycleEvent APR capabilities: IPv6 [true], sendfile [true], accept filters [false], random [true], UDS [true].
02-Dec-2022 06:20:01.340 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener.initializeSSL OpenSSL successfully initialized [OpenSSL 1.1.1k 25 Mar 2021]
02-Dec-2022 06:20:02.575 INFO [main] org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.init Initializing ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-8080"]
02-Dec-2022 06:20:02.741 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.load Server initialization in [2487] milliseconds
02-Dec-2022 06:20:02.968 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.startInternal Starting service [Catalina]
02-Dec-2022 06:20:02.972 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.startInternal Starting Servlet engine: [Apache Tomcat/10.0.14]
02-Dec-2022 06:20:03.004 INFO [main] org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.start Starting ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-8080"]
02-Dec-2022 06:20:03.047 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start Server startup in [305] milliseconds
[root@iZ2zef4iumnunw6gqcbjxsZ ~]# docker exec -it tomcat01 /bin/bash
root@ca8fae9c1f57:/usr/local/tomcat# ls
BUILDING.txt LICENSE README.md RUNNING.txt conf logs temp webapps.dist
CONTRIBUTING.md NOTICE RELEASE-NOTES bin lib native-jni-lib webapps work
上一篇：flink1.13(一)
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